Queensland, Australia Geography

Queensland, Australia Geography Populace: 4,516,361 (June 2010 estimate)Capital: BrisbaneBordering States: Northern Territory, South Australia, New South WalesLand Area: 668,207 square miles (1,730,648 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Bartle Frere at 5,321 feet (1,622 m)Queensland is a state situated in the northeastern piece of Australia. It is one of the countrys six states and it is the second biggest in zone behind Western Australia. Queensland is flanked by Australias Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales and has coastlines along the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, the Tropic of Capricorn crosses through the state. The capital of Queensland is Brisbane. Queensland is most notable for its warm atmosphere, changing scenes and coastline and all things considered, it is one of the most famous traveler territories in Australia.Most as of late, Queensland has been in the news because of extreme flooding that happened toward the beginning of January 2011 and late 2010. The nearness of La Niã ± a is said to have been the reason for the flooding. As indicated by CNN, the 2010 spring was Australias wettest ever. The flooding affected a huge number of individuals everywhere throughout the state. The focal and southern pieces of the state, including Brisbane, were hit the hardest.The following is a rundown of ten increasingly geographic realities about Queensland:1) Queensland, similar to quite a bit of Australia has a long history. It is accepted that the locale making up the state today was initially settled by local Australians or Torres Strait Islanders somewhere in the range of 40,000 and 65,000 years ago.2) The primary Europeans to investigate Queensland were Dutch, Portuguese and French guides and in 1770, Captain James Cook traveler the district. In 1859, Queensland turned into a self administering province in the wake of parting from New South Wales and in 1901, it turned into an Australian state.3) For quite a bit of its history, Queensland was one of the quickest developing states in Australia. Today Queensland has a populace of 4,516,361 (starting at July 2010). Because of its enormous land region, the state has a low populace thickness with about 6.7 individuals per square mile (2.6 individuals per square kilometer). Moreover, under half of Queenslands populace lives in its capital and biggest city, Brisbane.4) Queenslands government is a piece of a sacred government and as such it has a Governor who is designated by Queen Elizabeth II. The Governor of Queensland has official control over the state and is answerable for speaking to the state to the Queen. What's more the Governor names the Premier who fills in as the head of government for the state. Queenslands authoritative branch is comprised of the unicameral Queensland Parliament, while the states legal framework is made out of the Supreme Court and the District Court.5) Queensland has a developing economy that depends principally on the travel industry, mining and agribusiness. The principle agrarian items from the state are bananas, pineapples and peanuts and the preparing of these just as different foods grown from the ground make up a sizeable bit of Queenslands economy.6) Tourism is likewise a significant piece of Queenslands economy in view of its urban areas, fluctuated scenes and coastline. Moreover, the 1,600 mile (2,600 km) Great Barrier Reef is situated off of Queenslands coast. Other vacationer goals in the state incorporate the Gold Coast, Fraser Island and the Sunshine Coast.7) Queensland covers a region of 668,207 square miles (1,730,648 sq km) and it part of it stretches out to be the northernmost piece of Australia (map). This region, which additionally incorporates a few islands, is about 22.5% of the all out region of the Australian landmass. Queensland shares land outskirts with the Northern Territory, New South Wales and South Australia and a lot of its coastline is along the Coral Sea. The state is likewise isolated into nine unique districts (map).8) Queensland has a differed geography that comprises of islands, mountain ranges and seaside fields. Its biggest island is Fraser Island with a region of 710 square miles (1,840 sq km). Fraser Island is an UNESCO World Heritage Site and it has various biological systems which incorporate rainforests, mangrove w oods and territories of sand rises. Eastern Queensland is rugged as the Great Dividing Range goes through this region. The most noteworthy point in Queensland is Mount Bartle Frere at 5,321 feet (1,622 m).9) notwithstanding Fraser Island, Queensland has various different zones that are secured as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These incorporate the Great Barrier Reef, the Wet Tropics of Queensland and the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia. Queensland additionally has 226 national parks and three state marine parks.10) The atmosphere of Queensland fluctuates all through the state yet commonly inland there are sweltering, dry summers and mellow winters, while the beach front regions have warm, mild climate all year. The waterfront districts are likewise the wettest zones in Queensland. The states capital and biggest city, Brisbane, which is situated on the coast has a normal July low temperature of 50ËšF (10ËšC) and a normal January high temperature of 86ËšF (30ËšC).To become familiar with Queensland, visit the states official website.ReferencesMiller, Brandon. (5 January 2011). Flooding in Austr alia Fueled by Cyclone, La Nina. CNN. Recovered from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/01/04/australia.flooding.cause/index.htmlWikipedia.org. (13 January 2011). Queensland - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QueenslandWikipedia.org. (11 January 2011). Topography of Queensland - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Queensland

Kurdish Conflict Regulation

Kurdish Conflict Regulation 1.4. Definitions As Milton-Edwards says, before inspecting the particular appearances of the fundamental subject, it is essential to plot some of other significant related definitions (2008). To investigate and talk about Kurdish clash guideline in the Republic of Turkey, one needs to characterize Turkey’s framework according to the Kurds as an ethnic minority in that nation. Ethnicity and its related issues are significant enough for researchers to think about it as one of principle powers to shape the world. Metal cases â€Å"ethnicity and patriotism, interethnic clashes, and secessionist developments have been significant powers molding the advanced world and the structure and dependability of contemporary states† (1991). Zuelow in ‘Nationalism Journals’ like Brass about national character and its strength says national personality has been one of the principals power forming the course of history, surely since the French Revolution† (1999). Likewise, he accepts that national personality has assumed a key job in unrests, wars and state-development (Ibid). At the point when individuals of various ethnicity are living in a one area and one gathering for the most part has the lion's share rule on different gatherings in non-fair ways, it is the beginning stage of contention. Bruce Gilley characterized â€Å"ethnic strife as supported and rough clash by ethnically particular entertainers in which the issue is fundamental to one ethnicity† (2004, 1160). In a similar source, he utilizes different terms, for example, ‘ethnic violence’ or ‘ethnic war’ for ethnic clash (Ibid, 1155). ‘Ethnic strife regulation’ is the other term ought to be characterized here. There are numerous definitions for ethnic clash guideline in various references. Wolff accepts â€Å"conflict guideline includes three components: counteraction, the board, and settlement: Conflict avoidance targets diverting clash into peaceful conduct by giving motivations to quiet convenience. Peace making is the endeavor, as far as possible or direct the impacts of a progressing ethnic clash. Struggle settlement targets building up an institutional system in which the clashing interests of various ethnic gatherings can be obliged to degree the motivating forces to peaceful and participation condition† (2009, 1). Ilievski Wolff characterize ethnic clash guideline through institutional plan that contentions can be settled by means of an institutional deal that builds up large scale level structures through which debates among the contention gatherings can be tended to strategically and without response to violence† (2010, 5-6). McGarry and OLeary guarantee, â€Å"The term of ‘regulation’ is comprehensive and it covers both clash end and peace making. Eight particular large scale strategies for ethnic clash guideline can be recognized into two techniques for disposing of contrasts and strategies for overseeing differences† (1993, 4). The Republic of Turkey was established on the fundamental standards, or ‘six arrows’, of Kemalism. These standards are republicanism, patriotism, secularism, populism, statism and revolutionism (Los Angeles Times 2014). Kemal Ataturk and his adherents have characterized Turkey as an ace Western, present day and majority rule nation. The two subjects of ethnic minority rights and Islamism, in view of two standards of Turkish patriotism and secularism, were no-no for a long time. The Welfare Party in the general political decision for the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) in 1995 caught most of seats. Necmettin Erbakan came to control as the primary Islamist Prime Minister in the Republic of Turkey in 1996. Despite the fact that the age of his Cabinet was only one year, it was sufficient to break the untouchable of the secularism guideline as a boycott for Islamist ideological groups. Regardless, the long periods of 1990s and Ãâ€"zal’s addresses about Kurdish individuals as an ethnic minority in Turkey, can be looked as a beginning stage, in any event multi decade was expected to begin to break the one-country one-state thought in Turkey. In regard of Kurdish ethnic guideline in Turkey, the meaning of ‘Double Standard’ appears to fit with establishments and sacred laws in Turkey. â€Å"Double standard is a circumstance where two individuals or gatherings are dealt with uniquely in contrast to one another in a way that is unreasonable to one of them† (merriam-webster word reference 2014) or â€Å"a set of rules that applies diversely and typically more thoroughly to one gathering of individuals or conditions than to another† (QA.com) and (Ibid). Park, alluding to Guney (2006-2007) and Uslu (2008a) says, â€Å"a major logical factor behind Turkey’s protection from the appropriation of more humility to the Armenian destiny, or a progressively comprehensive grasping of its Kurdish residents, is the power of Turkish patriotism (2012, 23). The ‘Turkish history thesis’ demand that the Turks of focal Asia comprised the world’s first cultivated individuals, who had given the base of all other world civic establishments (Park 2012,23). Related with the history postulation was the ‘Sun language theory’ which guarantees that â€Å"Turks were simply the originators of language and that every other language were in this way got from or connected to it (Cagaptay 2002; Arkman 2006)† (Park 2012,24). Security frameworks, battle ready methodologies, monetary and human rights conditions in West and Center of the nation, or by and large for Turks, has been not quite the same as non-Turk minorities in Turkey. Kurds, as roughly 20% of Turkeys populace, have been prohibited from the fundamental rights for around one century. Meanwhile, supporting the privileges of the Turkish language populace as residents of different nations has been one of the fundamental standards of Turkeys Foreign Policies. These sorts of various methodologies can be depicted as types of a twofold standard strategy. In some cases these double arrangements have caused strife for Turkey and have pushed the nation from a zero-issue to a zero-companion circumstance. Park, when characterizing the Republic of Turkey, alludes to Yavuz and Eposito (2003:xx1) in that they guarantee â€Å"when Ataturk kicked the bucket in 1938, Kemalism was ‘neither fair nor liberal yet Authoritarian, elitist, and ideological† (2012, 13). Be that as it may, Urrutia and Villellas take a gander at Turkey as a ‘consolidating democracy’ (2012, 2) in their portrayal of Turkey’s framework. Gulcan Saglam (2012) takes a gander at Turkey under the standard of AKP as a ‘semi-law based state’ that might be increasingly perfect with the present conditions in Turkey and helpful for this examination. A semi-law based state is characterized as an express that has law based standards and a tyrant rule practically speaking simultaneously, yet they are neither completely dictator nor completely popularity based. The semi-equitable state, by Akinola (2013) definition, is â€Å"a express that underpins majority rules system as a thought, however neglects to arrive at the utilization of its principles.The standards of opportunity discourse and affiliation, free and reasonable political race just as straightforwardness in government establish fundamental characters of the vote based state†. Saglam says â€Å"in semi-popularity based political settings with solid tyrant on-screen characters, ideological groups that manufacture expansive alliances comprising of different force communities in the general public by means of gathering explicit arrangement guarantees will be bound to move the perceived leverage for themselves than entertainers that need such connections† (2012, 37-8). He trusts â€Å"The AKP is the principal Islamist ideological group in Turkey that sought after this methodology, and it was these gathering explicit arrangement guarantees that in the end helped the Party to repulse the Kemalist state structure and move the level of influence for itself† (Ibid). 1.5. The Problem and Rationale Ethnic personality and ethnic clash have been the most muddled issues among social orders and have stayed as twofold tie ties in local, territorial and worldwide levels, particularly in creating nations. Ethnic clash has an association and interrelation with different topics, for example, sexual orientation, political economy and democratization in various perspectives (Milton-Edwards 2008, 1). Beavis declares that â€Å"ethnic struggle studies can be viewed as a hotspot for understanding global relations yet single book; idea or hypothesis can't clarify such a perplexing marvel in its entirety† (1999-2012). Ethnic clash is regularly considered as a neighborhood or intra-state issue, yet for sure, it has had impact on both intra-state and between state relations. The Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) addresses the inquiry ‘How numerous contentions were there on the planet in 2011?’ (UCDP 2011) and explains the number and rank of ‘intrastate conflicts’ in contrast with different sorts of contention in that year, guaranteeing that â€Å"in 2011, UCDP recorded 37 dynamic equipped conflicts†(Ibid). In view of a similar source, from thirty-seven outfitted clashes in 2011 that occurred in 30 unique pieces of the world, 27 of them were intrastate, nine intrastate with outside inclusion. Cambodia-Thailand (normal fringe) was the main case among them enlisted as interstate clash. Turkey was among five Middle Eastern nations having intrastate Kurdish clash; that it didn't acquaint with a degree of war until 2011. The above outline from UCDP (2013) shows the sort and number of equipped clashes from 1946-2012. It shows the additional state struggle just until 1974, interstate clashes have diminished and internationalized clashes have had moderate increment since 2004. In any case, the quantities of intrastate clashes have had critical increment particularly from the 1960’s. In correlation with universal wars from 1950s, Civil Wars have been progressively continuous and increasingly solid. Ethnic wars have been primary piece of common wars. For example, 55% in 1970

The Storm, The Yellow Wallpape essays

The Storm, The Yellow Wallpape articles The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper, Young Goodman Brown Since composing is naturally sentimental in nature, since the commencement of writing, we see numerous writers experiences into the cryptic and frequently equivocal subject of affection and connections. Three short stories wrote by three separate American essayists manage such issue: Charlotte Perkins Gillman in The Yellow Wallpaper, Kate Chopin in The Storm, and Nathaniel Hawthorne in Youthful Goodman Brown. Though the connections introduced in every one of these accounts are novel in their own influence, the equivalent fundamental subject runs valid on the whole. From the outset these connections may seem solid in their reality; be that as it may, further thoughtfulness reveals explicit diseases which I accept evoke a significant part of the conflict which emerges inside every one of these works. The entirety of the spouses in the previously mentioned short stories inspire, however some more inconspicuously than others, shifting degrees of contention. Gillmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a story relating to, and described by, a ladies experiencing gloom after the ongoing birth of a kid. Despite the fact that the name of the ladies in the story is never uncovered, many accept this is short story is a passage from the creators life. A great part of the setting of the story happens in a maturing manor as of late possessed by the storyteller and John, the storytellers spouse. Because of her distress and under exacting guidance of her better half John, who is likewise a doctor, the storyteller is condemned to bed rest in one of the second story rooms of the house. The dividers of the room where the storyteller is compelled to involve, are wrapped with run down yellow backdrop showing an infuriating example which, combined with the apathy of sitting idle, works in a pernicious way on the psychological sacredness of the storyteller. The storytellers infirmity could without much of a stretch be amended in the event that she were permitted to occupied herself. Be that as it may, Johns see as a specialist denies any t... <!

How to Write a Comet Essay Topic

How to Write a Comet Essay TopicWhen you want to write a comet essay topic, you may not be aware of the topics that you can think of. Of course, you can think of many topics to write such as they are interesting or they simply appear in the news. The following list of topics is meant to be a sample for what topics you can think of.The new century, the United States of America, global warming, war, terrorism, oil, transportation, technology, space, geology, and oceanography, are just a few topics to think about. Some of these topics are less common than others. For example, global warming is not used very often. You may find this topic interesting. But you will also probably find the topic boring.When you are writing a comet and asteroid's essay topics, you will have to be careful in choosing topics. You do not want to use topics that are so long that you are talking for hours or too short that you will not get a decent length for your essay.Meteor showers are great topics for the hol idays. You will find that most of the holidays start in October. For example, Thanksgiving Day starts in October and New Year's Day begins in November. It would be a nice idea to include meteor showers in your comet essay topics. You will be able to write about what you see with your own eyes, plus the topic is certainly a good topic for the holidays.It is fun to write about meteor showers, especially when it is related to your interests. If you like astronomy, you will enjoy writing about the sun, and meteors, plus you can write about what you find interesting about them. If you are interested in historical events, you can write about the shooting stars. Or if you are interested in astrology, you can write about the planets.In addition to writing about meteor showers, you may also want to include topics related to the crescent moon. Comets and other satellites are around the moon, so you may want to include things about the moon when you write about the comet. Writing about the moo n is a good idea, because it is important for you to remember what you are writing about.As you can see, there are many comet essay topics to choose from. It may be hard at first to figure out what topics you should use for your comet essay topics, but once you find the topics that you want to use, writing your essay will be much easier. And by following these tips, you will know what topics to use.

The Power Of The Great Powers Of Great Britain - 1650 Words

Using Europe as essentially a blank tablet on which to create their own Balance of Power, the Great Powers of Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia (with France, the defeated power, playing a lesser role) re-drew the map. There had been other pressing matters to settle: the rights of German Jews, the abolition of the slave trade and navigation on European rivers, not to mention the restoration of the Bourbon royal family in France, Spain and Naples, the constitution of Switzerland, issues of diplomatic precedence and, last but not least, the foundation of a new German confederation to replace the defunct Holy Roman Empire. Sensing that Napoleon was vulnerable, an Alliance of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain formed, and†¦show more content†¦At many points during negotiations, various powers threatened the use of force, and it seemed that some questions cannot be resolved diplomatically power. However, the Congress of Vienna ended peacefully, and laid the foun dation of relative peace between the great powers of Europe for 40 years until the Crimean War of 1854-1856 The great victorious powers (Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia) invited other states of Europe to send plenipotentiaries to Vienna for a peace conference. There had been other urgent issues to be resolved: the rights of Jews in Germany, the abolition of the slave trade and navigation in European rivers, not to mention the restoration of the Bourbon royal family in France, Spain and Naples, the constitution of Switzerland, issues of diplomatic precedence and, last but not least, the foundation of a new German confederation to replace the late Holy Roman Empire. The root of the crisis could, again, is in a failure of Congress system (and again in the Holy Alliance): the omission of the Ottoman Empire of European peace. In 1830 Czartoryski, who was on the wrong side of a Polish rebellion against Russian side, he regretted that despite perpetual peace had become the conception of the most powerful monarchs of the continent (he referred in particular to Tsar Alexander) diplomacy had co rrupted and turned into poison. The Congress of Vienna also to ban the slave trade in the Atlantic. All the great

Zero Energy Buildings - 4755 Words

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No reader of The woman in black Essay Example For Students

No reader of The woman in black Essay The Woman in Black is written from a first person perspective, allowing the audience to discover things as the character does which also creates great suspense and emphasizes the mystery of the ghostly narrative. This writing method also allows the reader to vastly imagine what the character is feeling; it is conventional that they would be feeling overwrought emotions, I think this is because making the emotions the characters feeling far more exaggerated it is easier for the reader to visualize, and it creates greater suspense. Many other conventional elements of the Gothic are used in the novel, a major one being mysterious and suspenseful atmospheres, which are usually formed using pathetic fallacy; in this novel the use of wind is greater than any other element of weather, During the night the wind rose. A tremendous blast of wind hit the house. I think the use of wind symbolises The Woman in Black, because whenever her presence is near or shes about to expose herself the wind increases, but when she disappears it seems to stop, the wind had died down. Susan Hill has also reworked this Gothic element in the novel as there are some circumstances that would seem conventional to include pathetic fallacy but do not, such as the first sighting of The Woman in Black at the funeral of Mrs Drablow, I saw a blackbird on the holly bush a few feet away and heard him open his mouth to pour out a sparkling fountain of song in the November sunlight. This is also shown when he discovers the mysterious gravestone the fine clear weather still held, there was sunshine and blue sky again. Hill also reworked the Gothic element of having a woman in distress usually being threatened by a tyrannical male; instead we read about a man in distress, threatened by an oppressive woman. She is portrayed as the more dominant and powerful force because of the effect she has on him for a moment I was as near to weeping tears of despair and fear, frustration and tension. She has emasculated him, fear has taken over him and the influence of The Woman in Black has greatly effected his emotions, the sense of oppressive hatred and malevolence, of someones evil and also of terrible grief and distress seemed to invade my own soul and take charge of me, these were what I could no longer bear. Throughout the novel there is a liet motif of the pony and trap, although they are mostly perceived as an escape route for Arthur from Eel Marsh House, for example, his two rescues from Keckwick and Samuel Daily. It is also symbolic of a repressed memory the marshes have chosen to replay night after night. Arthur is so haunted by the sounds of clopping hooves and screams from a young child he describes the sight of the woman in black then those sounds which had caused my fears to mount to such a height that I had lost control of myself and my senses and fallen unconscious. Susan Hills description of The Woman in Black is vividly described, her vast use of adjectives in this passage allows us to picture this extremely sick-looking woman intensely. Suffering terrible wasting disease extremely pale thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained across her bones eyes seemed sunken back into her head. The language Hill has used here is very conventionally Gothic, and is typical language to find in a ghost story. It is clear that there are elements of the supernatural, mystery and metonymy and how the narrator is feeling overwrought emotions such as the sensation of Gothic horror. Some conventions have been reworked, the use of pathetic fallacy and the gender of the tyrannical character, but I think this adds greater interest and suspense because it may shock several readers as it is unexpected. .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .postImageUrl , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:visited , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:active { border:0!important; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:active , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cause Of The Culture Wars EssayThis however causes it to be more believable, especially in the period it was published, because it was thought that upper class men were too rational to have believed in supernatural and mysterious circumstances.

Woodstock Music and Art Festival

Introduction Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The town got its name from the famous 1969 Woodstock Music and Art Festival:Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Woodstock Music and Art Festival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has earned a reputation as home to one of the most exciting periods of American popular music. The festivals were actually held elsewhere, but many of the creative people who made them what they were had been part of the charmed life of Woodstock, and some still reside here among our wooded hills. (Wood Stock 1) Out of the festival, the world of Rock and Roll Music has grown and with every festival of the kind that has been held, many talents have been discovered, and the industry has continued growing. In this paper, we will explore on Woodstock Music and Art festival, the challenges that were faced, and the impact of the festival to the music industry. The Festival The festival happened in Bethel, in a farm that belonged to a dairy farmer Max Yasgur. Though this was not the original venue, the festival had to be held there as the only available venue after the original venue was denied a few weeks before the event. Out of the outcomes of the festival, the event served as the revolution point in the popular music history. The idea came from four young men who advertised themselves as having unlimited capital with an idea to fostering peace and music. During the festival, a big number of people turned up that lead to roads getting jammed up; many roads were inaccessible to the point that supplies could not get to the venue. Performers being an important part of the festival had to look for other ways to get to the venue apart from using the roads. In regard to this White record that Yasgur farm place was so packed with attendees to the extent that performers had to be ferried by helicopters. It was a rainy weekend; it could have been fa ir to expect fewer people to attend, but that was not the case since the concert goers seemed not to mind the cold and the muddy situation, if anything, the situation created an opportunity for the people to bond regardless of the region they came from. White in the Woodstock Journal for August 15, 1969 recorded that food was a rare commodity since the service providers were fewer than the number available to feed. To deal with the lack, attendees had to do with the little they had brought with them and also share with others who had nothing. This created an environment of love and concern for each other as the concert goers shared in the same situation. This was very important, particularly since the world had just come from civil war that had created major divisions among people.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As it is expected, when the number in attendance exceeds the n umber planned for, there are always problems in meeting all the demands and so Woodstock was not an exception. Some basic amenities, medical care, correct sanitation for the number that kept on increasing every hour were a great challenge to get. White in his record of the second day reported that a medical tent had to be set up to treat bare feet cut by broken glass and metal can lids that littered the site, bad acid trips, and retinas burned when their stoned owners lied down and stared directly at the sun (White 1). Despite the many challenges that were faced by the promoters and the festival attendees, ranging from the weather, drugs and alcohol abuse by the youths, electricity failure, and poor sanitation, there was much joy, humility and integrity that came from the energetic youth (Makower, Lang and Joel 2). The event was marked as the most enduring event of the century and out of it, so many other events have come up including anniversaries of the same. Challenges Initial ch allenges during the planning period were to get the venue. The festival was legally barred from its planned location just a month before its scheduled date; this led to the promoters relocating immediately and looking for another venue since there was little or no time left for planning (Makower, Lang and Joel 1). After getting the venue, the next challenge was getting the artists whom the promoters wanted. It was not easy since the managers insisted on booking their unknown artists as the price to get their famous clients (Fusilli 1). Due to planning in haste, the promoter’s plan to charging the event was paralyzed by the lack of fence and a gate (Makower, Lang and Joel 1). This was discovered to be impossible to fix when the promoters got themselves in the dilemma of either fencing or putting up the stage. With the little finances they had left, the stage was given priority out of the advice they got from the people who arrived early. This made the place accessible to every body who was willing to attend at no cost at all. Satisfying the needs of the many people that turned out was a challenge in itself. According to White, the organizers had to make major adjustments to stop the vices that were going on like drug abuse, excessive drinking and the crowd getting unruly by extending the time of performance and adjusting the starting time of the performance (Makower, Lang and Joel 1).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Woodstock Music and Art Festival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The weather posed a major challenge for both the promoters and the audience. The disruptions by the heavy rains caused technical problems in electricity supply, and flooding were ankle-deep (White 1). Sound equipments had technical issues that could not be handled by the available engineers. Fusilli in the Wall Street Journal recorded that amplifiers buzzed, guitar cables crackled and microphones cut ou t. This posed the biggest challenge since the show had to be kept going. Impact it Made Out of the Woodstock Music and Art fair, many organizations have been founded based on the legacy the city made on preservation and peace keeping. An example is Sustainable Woodstock that was established in 2009 that works towards having a vibrant, inclusive, thriving community where people live sustainably now and in the future (Sustainable Woodstock 1). The festival led to the evolution of live music and its business over the period and beyond has built the music industry as far as rock music is concerned. It led to the change of perception that many people had on rock music as boring and old school but presented it as a thing of the present and the future (Bennett 1). Dave Allen is mentioned in Bennett’s book as considering â€Å"the significance of the Woodstock in terms of its illustration of a transitional stage between the more politically oriented folk-influenced acoustic music of the first part of the 1960s and the heavily amplified commercially-oriented rock of the second part of the decade† (Bennett 1). The Woodstock city got its status from being a hub of farming, quarrying and tanning to a productive and business-oriented town. Today, Woodstock is home to galleries that are widely noted for exhibits of the finest arts and crafts. There are important recital halls upon whose stages distinguish classical, jazz and popular music ensembles regularly performance (Wood Stock 1). Conclusion Even though the event was faced by so many challenges, it led to the change of the name for the town which was once known to be small and made up of farmers only. Just by one event that seemed impossible from the beginning, the town got an opportunity to grow economically and opened up to other things like trade and arts that were never there before. The event marked a turning point in the world of music since many started perceiving rock music as the thing of the pre sent. To them that are not sure of the impact that music could have on a place, Woodstock festival was an awakening time since many talents got developed, upcoming musicians who were not refined by then got an opportunity to present themselves, and many embraced music and live performance.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The event also served as a platform for peace since the world had just come from a civil war. As multitudes of people interacted and shared in the same problems of lack of food, water, heavy rains and poor sanitation, they helped one another out, which established peace. Works Cited Bennett, Andy. Remembering Woodstock. New York, NY: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2004. Print. Fusilli, Jim. â€Å"But How Was the Music.† The Wall Street Journal, 2009. Web. Makower, Joel, Lang Michael, and Rosenman Joel. Woodstock: the oral history. New York, NY: State University of New York Press, 2009. Print. Sustainable Woodstock. â€Å"Sustainable Woodstock.† Sustainable Woodstock, 2011. Web. White, Dave. â€Å"Woodstock Journal† Classic Rock Almanacs, 2009. Web. Wood Stock. â€Å"Town of Woodstock: Home.† Wood Stock, 2011. Web. This term paper on Woodstock Music and Art Festival was written and submitted by user Dominick Lara to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog And the Oxford Word of the Year isSelfie

And the Oxford Word of the Year isSelfie Must. Remind. Self..   The OED is not an arbiter of, but a chronicler of,   English language use. Every year, the Powers-That-Be lean over the windowsills located high atop their Ivory Towers and cock an ear towards the milling crowds below. When they hear a word they do not recognize being shouted often enough, they dip their quills into wells of octopus ink and inscribe that word on gold-rimmed parchment. Okay, not really.   Actually, its only been since 2004 that Oxford has selected a word of the year at all. Judy Pearsall, editorial director at Oxford, explains that a language usage program collects around 150m words of current English in use each month.   The word in 2013 that has become the most frequent was selfie. According to  The Guardian,   The word can be  traced back to a post on an Australian online forum in 2002: Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer [sic] and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole about 1cm long right through my bottom lip. And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie. So now we can blame Australia for both Crocodile Dundee  and  the word selfie! (Just kidding, mates!)   It is pretty incredible when you see the rise in usage in chart form: Curious what other words made the shortlist? They are: binge-watch (I just binge-watched the entire first season of  Orange is the New Black  in a single day!) bitcoin   (You can try to explain how bitcoin works to me a million times and I will never understand it.) bedroom tax (A lot less sexy than it sounds.) olinguito Seriously.. This is an  olinguito schmeat   (Dale!   Can you make me another schmeat sammich?) You dont want to know.   You clicked it,  didnt you showrooming   (Best Buy employee:   Can I help you? / Literally Everyone: No, thank you.just showrooming.) twerk (Ma! Call the vet!   Either the dogs sick or hes been watchin Miley videos again!) Yes, all worthy contenders.   But none outshone our navel-gazing, this time, quite literally.   As for myself, this is how I take selfies: *takes 50 selfies* *deletes 49* *stares at the one selfie till it turns ugly* *deletes that too*

Germanys Healthcare System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Germanys Healthcare System - Research Paper Example While it is a system not without faults, numbers do reveal it succeeds in enhancing overall quality of life where other systems fail. Some noted factors of why this system has worked so well can be seen in the fact the system is not a government run plan but a mandatory system carried by extracting funds directly from the workers. Regulations put forth by the government to maintain quality of care and services, but in some cases these regulations fail to serve their purpose. In all when the system is assessed alongside many countries who have similar plans and those who currently avoid a public option Germany proves to be a benchmark when it comes to healthcare. Germany notably has the oldest universal health care system in the world (Geyer, 2009). Everyone in Germany is promised high-quality comprehensive health care and over 90% of the population is covered under the universal option. Statutory health insurance has provided structure for the release of public health care, and has molded the payers positions, insurance, illness funds, suppliers, physicians, and hospitals since the Health Insurance Action was taken on in 1883. In 1885, medical defense has been provided for 26 per cent of the lower-paid labor force departments, or 10 per cent of their habitants. As with social insurance, health insurance exposure was gradually widened by including more work-related groups in the plan and by progressively lifting up the profits ceiling. In Richard Knox's article "Most Patience Happy with German Health Care," he talks about the German Health Care system and points out how it has matched up with Health Care provided in other countries over the years. In the article he notes, "The health care system that takes such good care of its citizens is not funded by government taxes. But it is compulsory (Knox, 2008)" Here Knox points out how it is a mandatory requirement for all citizens to have health care. Germany's system has historically become the benchmark for universal healthcare.This is the core element of the German Health Care System that defines what the world recognizes universal health care to be today.Germany's Plan Verses the U.S. Germany has caused many to make comparisons pertaining to healthcare systems. In most cases health statistics between Germany and the US don't match up and Germany wins out. When looking at the World Health Organization's Core Health Indicators, Germany has an 80year life expectancy to the United States' 78year life expectancy. Hospital beds available per 10000 people is 83 in Germany while it's 32 in the US, and there are 34 physicians per 10000 people in Germany verses the United States' 26.What are the socioeconomics of the population Are there population problems Germany has over 81 million inhabitants, with over 230 inhabitants per square kilometer. Urbanization is a major part of the population resting at a high

International Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Negotiation - Essay Example The most successful battle for the Americans during this war happened in New Orleans - months after the Treaty of Ghent, signed in Belgium, had brought the war to a close. There was no satellite phone, no telegram that could travel from Belgium to New Orleans in time to head off the bloody battle. Another factor that kept diplomatic efforts to broker peace agreements at a minimum was the fact that technological constraints kept wars from spreading to engulf entire halves of the globe - or the whole word itself. Cannons, muskets and swords could not cause noxious clouds of gas to pass over entire civilian populations, and neighboring countries or cultures would only sparingly jump in to assist their neighbors. The Industrial Age, starting in Europe in the 1800's, and the development of significantly entangling networks of treaties of protection, wherein major powers promised to support one another in the event of attack, made the prospect of continent-wide, or even worldwide conflict, more of a possibility after the middle of the nineteenth century. When American President Theodore Roosevelt brokered a peace agreement that settled the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, he was honored the next year with the Nobel Peace Prize (Bailey and Kennedy, p. 628). The very fact that such a priz e existed showed the changing sensibilities of the world, namely that war anywhere in the world was a danger to the rest of the world. In the years In the years since Theodore Roosevelt, the world has undergone two wars that basically dragged in every major world power. The first of these conflicts introduced the world to biological warfare, in the form of the deadly mustard gas that would later be outlawed. The second of these finally ended with another military innovation: the nuclear bomb. It has been argued that a bomb of this nature is the only weapon that would have kept the Japanese population from fighting, civilian by civilian, exacting huge casualties from the Allied troops before surrendering. Even so, the arrival of the nuclear bomb signaled the end of the widespread war, because the final weapon was so awful in its power that it served as a deterrent. And so organizations like the United Nations sprang up in the second half of the twentieth century, with the goal of keeping regional conflicts from becoming continental, or even global ones. There have been situations where international, third-party at tempts at solving conflicts were successful, but there have been many more that only bogged the problem down and made it last longer. One of the most problematic regional conflicts of the twentieth century was the struggle over apartheid in South Africa. While the British had created the colonial Union of South Africa in 1910, the policy known as apartheid was not implemented until 1948. In the intervening years, the African natives had faced restrictions that were common to all indigenous peoples under colonial rule. When the Afrikaner leader D.F. Malan took power in 1948, his government passed some laws that mandated that blacks live in certain areas, have identification on them at all times, and denied several basic civil rights to blacks (Sanctions against South Africa). This change in law escaped international attention, in part because of the vast distance between South

Unemployment Among University Graduates in Malaysia. Essay Example for Free

Unemployment Among University Graduates in Malaysia. Essay Today, we can see the unemployed graduates become increase until the certain parties have to address this situation. The finding of the Ministry’s Graduate Tracer Study 2006, 30. 7% of graduates remained unemployed six months after convocation, while 5. 7% were still waiting job placement . According to the Minister of Human Resources, the number of unemployment female graduates is also much higher on comparison male graduates. In view of this, there is a pressing need for the education authorities and employers to look into the cause of unemployment among new university graduates and find solution to address this problem. Firstly, the cause of unemployed graduates nowadays is the incompatibility in the focus of higher education institutions and the needs of labor market. The reason for that is lack in compatibility as compared to the situation twenty years ago. In addition, there is an increase of competitiveness and volatility in the labor market. The work environment nowadays require graduates to have some work experiences in order to the requirement of qualified employee. Besides that, incompatibility in the knowledge acquired in higher education institution is one of the factor. The second reason is lack of experiences and skills among the university graduates. Most of organizations today prefer to have graduates with experience to ensure the employers sustain their economic competitiveness. The number of unemployed female graduates is much higher in comparison male graduates. Moreover, those graduates with essential skills are more preferable compared to them who does not have any skills. They also should have proficiency in English. Other than that, university graduates have to possess their interpersonal skills in order to decrease the number of unemployment among them. One of the most appropriate way on how to overcome this problem is the responsible authorities should introduce programmes for fresh graduates. The Ministry of Human Resources’ Unemployed Graduates Training Scheme is an example of training programme that is used to equip graduates with certain skills and experience . Furthermore, it is maintains that we should have the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs’ recruitment programme to provide employment opportunities to graduates. Besides that, this programme is to expose graduates to opportunities in the private sectors. The last solution for unemployment among university graduates is the Ministry should review the tertiary education system. This includes the development of soft skills through extra curricular activities. This kind of activities not only to build character but to enhance interpersonal skills. In addition, it also develops a critical and creative thinking among those graduates. It is important for a student to begin accumulating as much work related experience as early as they can. Moreover, the Ministry must continually stimulates students’ minds through discussions and evaluate case studies in order to help higher institutions produce high quality graduates. In conclusion, there are certain factors that leads to unemployment among university graduates in Malaysia such as mismatch in the focus of higher education and the needs of labor market, and those graduates have low experience and skill. There are many ways to address this situation for example provide specific and extra training to graduates to fulfill industry’s needs, and enhance the management education system. Hopefully, this problem can be defeat slowly in order to expand the economy of our country.

America Needs a Strong Military Industrial Complex Essay -- War Army D

America Needs a Strong Military Industrial Complex By mid-1942, World War II was looking bleak for the Allied powers. The German Wehrmacht was blitzing through Soviet Russia, the Luftwaffe had laid waste to much of London, Rommel was about to take Africa, and the Japanese nearly had control of the Pacific. Fortunately, as the Axis started running low on materiel, America was increasing the Allied supply dramatically. This enormous production capacity displayed by the U.S. was the product of their new military-industrial complex, as plants across the country geared up production of weapons and combat vehicles and the government began pumping resources into the creation of new military-oriented production facilities. The American industrial surge turned out to be not only the deciding factor in World War II, but also the greatest protection against the Soviet threat during the Cold War that followed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the wake of his defeat at El Alamein, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel declared, â€Å"The bravest men can do nothing without guns, the guns nothing without plenty of ammunition, and neither guns nor ammunition are of much use in mobile warfare unless there are vehicles with sufficient petrol to haul them around†. While Germany and Japan struggled to reproduce materiel at the speed at which it was being lost—leading to shortages for the Afrika Korps in the African desert and the Wehrmacht during Operation Barbarossa—the U.S. began producing it almost as quickly as it could be shipped out. There was virtually no military-industrial complex to speak of before 1940, and America went woefully under prepared into conflict after its losses at Pearl Harbor. However, by 1944 America was turning out 8 aircraft carriers a month, 50 merchant ships a day, one fighter plane every five minutes, and 150 tons of steel every sixty seconds (Walton 540).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While other factors certainly aided in the momentum switch that occurred in late 1942 and 1943 and accelerated to the cessation of hostilities, historian Francis Walton writes that, For the reduction in bloodshed much credit must go to the miraculous tools of war, most of which, in the hands of the victors, were ‘Made in the U.S.A.’ It is the considered judgment of the military experts that in World War II ‘our victories were the product of massed materiel rather than the highest military skill’(4). Walton i... ... the United States is the undisputed military, economic, cultural, and political leader of the world, a title it earned for the most part with relatively little bloodshed. The military-industrial complex formed in the early stages of World War II can be thanked for this, as its extraordinary capacity for churning out weapons almost single-handedly preserved the Allied cause, and its ability to do so without exorbitant burden on the U.S. economy eventually won it the Cold War. Those who today consistently advocate cutting the defense budget in accordance with a policy of isolationism and pacifism and decry the profits made by military contractors would do well to remember the roots of America’s current superiority before making too rash a decision. Bibliography Walton, Francis. Miracle of World War II: How American Industry Made Victory Possible. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1956. Hickman, Martin B. The Military and American Society. Beverly Hills: Glencoe Press, 1971. Koistinen, Paul A.C. The Military-Industrial Complex: A Historical Perspective. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1980. Strachey, John. On The Prevention of War. London: Macmillan & Co Ltd., 1962.

Plagiarism Paper Essay

Plagiarism is a very important issue nowadays. More and more students are becoming lazy in their work and find plagiarism which is basically ‘copy and pasting’ paragraphs or sentences from internet sites or books the easiest way of doing work. The usual way of plagiarism is going on a website; inserting key facts and words that will make it easier to find, then find a source which explains exactly what you are looking for and from there copy a sentence or paragraph and paste it into your ‘essay’ or ‘work’ document. This issue has been said that has been going on for a few years but only now it has been recently acknowledged and seen as a problem for society. As students go on their lives copying work from others their mental processes are undeveloping because they aren’t using their creativity and imagination for such work as they are meant to, by using your own words and knowledge it shows a clear understanding of the research provided. Plagiarism which is basically the use of other people’s words or ideas without giving them credit is only part of the general problem of cheating and cheaters. It is hard to detect cheating as it mostly passes undetected by professors and teachers. In many subjects, plagiarism can be minimized almost completely by appropriate design of the questions asked by the professor or lecturer. By doing this it will make it more difficult for the students to look for the complete answer on the internet therefore could not be plagiaries. Another issue of plagiarism is the honor code the school or college has which most of all of them do and they are given out and read out to the students in the beginning of the year which states in a complete clear manner that plagiarism is wrong and will be penalized. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to penalize and know who and which student is indeed plagiarism which makes it a universal goal for all faculties and departments to ensure this ethical issue and make us, students realize how wrong this is before we get into a lot of trouble. The policy states that ‘Universities, faculties and perhaps departments need to have clear, well-publicized policies on plagiarism. These policies need to do more than say â€Å"do not plagiaries.† They need to explain what plagiarism means in practice with examples of correct and incorrect citations.’ By doing so, students will be completely aware of the incorrect manners of plagiarism. Although there is different cases all around, some might say that the only way a student can survive highschool and university is if he plagiarises or even copies most of the work given to him, what the main issue is that these students whom think this way don’t even paraphrase paragraphs researched, they just do it and hope for the best. This makes work a lot easier for them but of course not at all appreciated as it is not there own work but someone elses. A research shows that ‘cheating is starting younger—in elementary school. And by the time they get to middle school or high school they see cheating as perfectly ok’, this fact is concerning. How can kids that age even know what cheating is? Who shows them? These questions are ones not to be ignored, it is a very thought through issue and it needs to be defeated because if not†¦ cheating will be no longer invalid but valid because of the substantial manners it is coming across making it almost impossible to make it stop. Students who get caught are penalized. Or at least that is what I thought, I did High school at an international school doing the International Baccalaureate, which I know for a fact that if I would have gotten caught plagiarism I would have been expelled from the diploma and not given another chance. We had an internet site where we had to hand in all our work –via online- called turnitin, this method was a great one for students and teachers; it was easy, efficient and most of all comfortable. Also, this way, teachers could know exactly what sentences or paragraphs were plagiarized in our work if it wasn’t cited, but as the research paper states ‘ What it wont catch is students who crib the ideas, not the words’, this being very true is still a manner of making our minds react to explanations and re-writing them in the manner we feel is correct, which I think is correct. Plagiarism is a very harsh factor nowadays because students are doing it more and more and professors and teachers don’t have the ways to stop such acts. It is a debacle that one day could be fixed with more website protections or more ‘turnitin’ sites used my universities and schools but for now the ethical issues and the trust issues lie in the hands of the teacher and the student. Work Cited Published in Tertangala (University of Wollongong Students’ Representative Council), 20 July – 3 August 1992, p. 20. The case of the purloined paper by Brigid Schulte (Washington Post) September 23, 2002

Atomic Number 6 - Carbon or C

Carbon the element that is atomic number 6 on the periodic table. This nonmetal is the basis for life as we know it. Its familiar as a pure element, as diamond, graphite, and charcoal. Fast Facts: Atomic Number 6 Element Name: CarbonAtomic Number: 6Element Symbol: CAtomic Weight: 12.011Element Group: Group 14 (Carbon Family)Category: Nonmetal or MetalloidElectron Configuration: [He] 2s2  2p2Phase at STP: SolidOxidation States: Usually 4 or -4, but also 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3Discovery: Known to the Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BCE)Recognized as an Element: Antoine Lavoisier (1789) Element atomic number 6 is carbon. Forms of pure carbon include diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. Dave King / Getty Images Element Atomic Number 6 Facts Each atom of carbon has 6 protons and electrons. The element naturally exists as a mix of three isotopes. Most of this carbon has 6 neutrons (carbon-12), plus there are small amounts of carbon-13 and carbon-14. Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are stable. Carbon-14 is used for radioisotope dating of organic material. A total of 15 isotopes of carbon are known.Pure carbon can take any of several different forms, called allotropes. These allotropes exhibit markedly different properties. For example, diamond is the hardest form of any element, while graphite is very soft, and graphene is stronger than steel. Diamond is transparent, while other forms of carbon are opaque gray or black. All of the allotropes of carbon are solids at room temperature and pressure. The discovery of the allotrope fullerene won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996.The element name carbon comes from the Latin word carbo, which means coal. The element symbol for atomic number 6 is C. Carbon is among the elements known in pure form by ancient mankind. Primitive man used carbon in the forms of soot and charcoal. The Chinese knew of diamonds as early as 2500 BCE. Credit for the discovery of carbon as an element is given to Antoine Lavoisier. In 1772, he burned samples of diamond and charcoal and proved each released the same amount of carbon dioxide per gram.Carbon has the highest melting point of the pure elements at  3500  °C (3773 K, 6332  °F).Carbon is the second most abundant element in humans, by mass (after oxygen). Approximately 20% of the mass of a living organism is atomic number 6.Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe. The element forms in stars via the triple-alpha process in which helium atoms fuse to form atomic number 4 (beryllium), which then fuses with atomic number 2 (helium) to form atomic number 6.Carbon on Earth is constantly recycled via the Carbon Cycle. All of the carbon in your body once existed as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Pure carbon is cons idered non-toxic, although inhaling it can cause lung damage. Carbon particles in the lung may irritate and abrade lung tissue, potentially leading to lung disease. Because the carbon particles resist chemical attack, they tend to remain in the body (except the digestive system) indefinitely. Pure carbon, in the forms of charcoal or graphite, may be safely ingested. It has been used since prehistoric time for making tattoos. The tattoos of Otzi the Iceman, a 5300-year-old frozen corpse, were likely made using charcoal.Carbon is the basis for the organic chemistry. Living organisms contain four classes of organic molecules: nucleic acids, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.The reason element atomic number 6 is so important for life is because of its electron configuration. It has four valence electrons, but the p-shell is most stable when it is full (octet) or empty, giving carbon a usual valence of 4 or -4. With four binding sites and a relatively small atomic size, carbon can form c hemical bonds with a wide variety of other atoms or functional groups. Its a natural pattern maker, able to form polymers and complex molecules.While pure carbon is non-toxic, some of its compounds are lethal poisons. These include ricin and tetrodotoxin.In 1961, the IUPAC adopted the isotope carbon-12 as the basis for the atomic weight system. Sources Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics  (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.